Archaeologists Find Massive Underground World Belonging To A Long Lost Civilization In Peru
Researchers in Peru have discovered a complex underground world belonging to the ancient Chavín culture that has been identified as burial chambers that date back thousands of years.
The culture developed in the northern Andean highlands of Peru between 1,300 and 550 BC. The Chavín extended its influence to other civilizations along the coast.
The Ancient Chavin civilization developed advanced knowledge not only in metallurgy, but in soldering, and temperature control. The ancient Chavin used early techniques to develop refined gold work.
Not, researchers have discovered galleries, ceramics and even a place where this civilization carried out burials, located beneath the surface. They say it’s the most important archaeological discovery made in the last 50 years.
Seen in this image are the new underground galleries that have been found containing the first human burials of the Chavin period.
Since June of 2018, a team of archaeologists has unearthed three new galleries in an area adjacent to the circular plaza of Chavín. In the place, they have found remarkable pieces of ceramics, utensils and intact human burials.
According to an American anthropologist and archaeologist John Rick, in charge of the Archaeological and Conservation Research Program of Chavín, the three discovered galleries come from the late period of this civilization that developed between 1,300 and 550 BC.
“What these galleries show is that Chavín has a much larger underground world than we think,” said Rick.
The Ministry of Culture estimates that to date only 15% of the area has been explored.
Inside one of these underground galleries, archaeologists discovered artefacts that belonged to the later Huaraz culture.
These successive occupations, found at different levels in the archaeological complex demonstrate the cultural and religious importance that Chavin had in the central highlands for centuries.
The project’s specialists used small robots with built-in micro-cameras to carry out the explorations. These machines – designed on-site by engineers from Stanford University – entered very small areas and discovered cavities in the Chavin labyrinths, where pottery was preserved.
Chavin de Huantar was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. So far 35 interconnected underground passageways have been found at the site, Peru’s culture ministry said.
Archaeologists Discover Another Buried Sphinx In Egypt
Egyptian archaeologists working on a groundwater reduction project at the Kom Ombo Temple in Aswan have discovered a sandstone sphinx, according to the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities on Sunday.
The discovery comes as a surprise as in the last few months, archaeologists working in Egypt have uncovered the remains of two Sphinx statues.
A few weeks ago, we wrote about how construction workers working near the Luxor Temple Complex stumbled across the remains of a buried Sphinx statue.
The Sphinx found near the Kom Ombo Temple
Initial reports by the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquity suggested that the Sphinx uncovered at Luxor is similar in design to the Great Sphinx of Giza: It has the body of a lion and the head of a human.
The most famous Sphinx in Egypt is without a doubt the massive statue located on the Giza plateau.
The Great Sphinx of Giza is considered an ancient marvel not only because of its size and confusing design but because of the countless mysteries that surround this ancient structure.
Together with the three pyramids, the Great Sphinx found on the plateau of Giza – about 500 km from the place where the new statue was found – is one of the most emblematic monuments of Egypt.
Now, archaeologists near Aswan made another stunning discovery by finding another Sphinx statue.
The unearthed Sphinx after it was restored.
Mostafa Waziri, general secretary of the Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt, explained that the piece probably dates from the Ptolemaic dynasty, as the Sphinx statue was found on the southeast side of the temple, in the same place where two sandstone reliefs of King Ptolemy V were discovered two months ago.
The Ptolemaic Dynasty ruled over Egypt for 275 years, from 305 to 30 BC, and they were the last dynasty of ancient Egypt.
The Kom Ombo temple complex was constructed during the Ptolemaic Dynasty.
Kom Ombo Temple before reconstruction.
Ptolemy V was the fifth ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty from 204 to 181 BC. He inherited the throne at the age of five, and under a series of regents, the kingdom was paralyzed. It is noteworthy to mention that to famous Rosetta Stone was produced during his reign as an adult.
The sculpture, discovered at the Kom Ombo Temple in Aswan bears hieroglyphic and demotic inscriptions and has already been transported to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustat, where it will be carefully studied and restored by the archaeological mission to obtain more information about its origin.
After restoration, the newly-found Sphinx will be exhibited to the public.
Lost Ancient City Discovered In The Heart Of The USA
When speaking about lost cities, the first thing that jumps to mind is a lost city, buried beneath the sands somewhere in Egypt. Or a lost city located somewhere in the most unexplored parts of the Amazon. However, sometimes, lost cities are found in the mundane of places. If you travel to Arkansas City, Kansas you’ll find evidence of one such ancient city.
by Janice Friedman
Archaeologists believe they have come across the city of Etzanoa (the “Great Settlement”), an ancient settlement mentioned by Spanish explorers during the 16th century.
Image: One of the few maps allegedly showing the location of the Native American city of Etzanoa (labelled in the top middle)
For hundreds of years, the ‘Great Settlement’ is thought to have been the home of more than 20,000 people.
This fact places the city of Etzanoa as one of the oldest native American settlements in the United States, second only to the ancient ‘Pyramid’ city of Cahokia, in central Illinois.
The first accounts mentioning the ancient city of Etzanoa come from Spanish gold-seeking conquistadores.
Translated records from the 1600’s tell the story of Juan de Oñate, a Spanish conquistador, founder, and governor of New Mexico who travelled from New Mexico into southern Kansas, in search of the lost city of Quivira—one of the mythical “Seven Cities of Gold” that were never found.
Juan de Oñate’s expedition was greeted peacefully by the inhabitants of Etzanoa.
However, after the Spaniards started taking hostages, the residents fled.
Eventually, the conquistadores explored the area, and their homes searching for valuables but decided it was too risky as the Natives could attack them at any moment.
Eventually, they decided to return to New Mexico, but de Oñate’s expedition was attacked by one thousand warriors belonging to the Escanxaque tribe.
After suffering heavy losses, the conquistadores returned to New Mexico.
Nearly a century later, French explorers travelled to the region but found nothing. The entire city vanished, and the French found no evidence of the people of the city of Etzanoa.
A Discovery That Changes Early American History
For years have people in present-day Arkansas City come across a number of ancient artefacts like arrowheads, and pottery, but no one was aware of the fact that there was a massive, archaeological gold mine hidden beneath their feet.
That is until Anthropologist and archaeologist professor Donald Blakeslee decided to take a more detailed look.
According to the L.A. Times, Blakeslee used translated documents written by the Spanish conquistadors (the expedition led by Juan de Oñate) who came across the land more than 400 years ago to conclude that these ancient artefacts were the remnants of the Native American lost city of Etzanoa.
“‘I thought, ‘Wow, their eyewitness descriptions are so clear it’s like you were there,’” Blakeslee told the Times about reading the conquistador’s accounts. “I wanted to see if the archaeology fit their descriptions. Every single detail matched this place.”
Based on ancient accounts, maps as well as artefacts that have so far been recorded, it is estimated that the Native American city of Etzanoa was in fact home to a massive population of Native American Indians.
In fact, according to Blakeslee, Etzanoa is most likely the second-largest settlement in the modern-day United States. The city spanned more than 5 miles between the Walnut and Arkansas rivers, where 20,000 people lived in “thatched, beehive-shaped houses.”
This Ancient Sumerian Cylinder Seal Is Said To Depict 12 Planets In Our Solar System
There is an Ancient Sumerian Cylinder Seal, believed to be around 4,500 years old that curiously seems to depict our Sun and twelve planets within our Solar System, one of them supposedly being Nibiru, the elusive planet lurking somewhere on the outer edges of the Solar System.
One of the most controversial seals ever discovered and discussed among scholars is dubbed VA/243 and seems to depict – according to many — 12 planets within our Solar System with the Sun at its centre.
The Seal which dates back –at least- from the third millennium B.C. can be found at the State Museum in Easter Berlin and is catalogued as VA/243.
According to numerous researchers, this ancient Akkadian Cylinder Seal is one of the most ancient cylinders seals ever discovered and appears to be one of the most mysterious as well.
The reason? Well, it allegedly depicts the entire family of our Solar System and a rogue planet identified by authors such as Sitchin as Planet X, or Nibiru, the home planet of the Ancient Anunnaki.
Zecharia Sitchin discusses the cylinder seal in great detail in his book the 12th Planet.
According to Sitchin, the cylinder seal undoubtedly depicts our solar system with the numerous heavenly bodies and their relative size.
There are nine planets we know of today, – if of course you still think Pluto should be a planet and not a dwarf planet — our moon, the Sun, and a rogue planet commonly referred to as Nibiru.
If the mysterious objects depicted on the cylinder seal are in fact planets, how is it possible that the ancient Sumerians knew about our complete solar system in the 3rd millennium BC?
Not only that but how did they know their approximate size?
This leads to other questions like… where did the Sumerians obtain this knowledge from?
Did they develop it independently?
Or is it possible as many ancient cultures suggest, that some of that knowledge was passed on to them by ‘gods’ who came down from heaven and brought vast knowledge to man?
Does this ancient Sumerian Cylinder Seal depict the Solar System with all of its planets including Nibiru as Sitchin indicates?
Or is it possible that authors such as Michael S. Heiser are correct, and that the cylinder seal does not have any astronomical value and DOES NOT depict our solar system, planets, the moon, or the sun?
There are other questions that must be raised when looking at the cylinder seal. For example, would a cylinder seal be the ‘appropriate’ medium by which someone — 4,5000 years ago — would transmit such important astronomical knowledge?
The Largest And Oldest Pyramid On The Planet: The Great Pyramid Of China
The story behind the Great Pyramid of China is beyond fascinating. For years, the government has not allowed proper studies to be performed on the numerous pyramids near the city of Xi’an. Excursions that managed to sneak into the area where the pyramids are discovered numerous anomalies like a metallic material which could not be identified by researchers. The Pyramids are believed to be over 8,000 years old.
Are the Pyramid of China among the largest on the planet? According to many, one of the Pyramids – kept a secret for years — in China is so large that the Great Pyramid of Giza seems like a miniature monument.
The story of the Chinese pyramid began at the end of the Second World War when American pilot James Gaussman was about to complete a resupply mission to the forces of the Chinese Army.
Suddenly, a fault in the aircraft engine forced him to return to the Assam base located in northern India, for safety reasons, he decided to fly at a lower altitude.
Shortly after flying over the city of Xi’an, heading southwest, the pilot encountered what looked like a gigantic pyramid.
Surprised, after making several passes over the humongous structure, he decided to take a number of photographs, which later included a detailed report which was handed to his superiors as soon as he returned to base.
The incident was forgotten among the files of the US Air Force until 40 years later, the ‘Great Pyramid of China’ was brought back to light through the work of Australian writer Brian Crowley, who published one of the photographs of the Pyramid in his book.
As a result, it was known that this wasn’t the first time pilots saw the humongous Chinese Pyramid.
In fact, on March 147, when the war was already over, the New York Times published an article making reference to the sighting made by Col. Maurice Sheehan from his plane, when he flew over a gigantic pyramid, described by Col. Maurice Sheehan as having approximate dimensions of 300 meters in height and 450 meters on each side.
It is noteworthy to mention that these dimensions would make the Chinese Pyramid the largest one ever discovered on Earth, dwarfing the Great Pyramid of Giza with a mere 147 meters in height and 320 meters in width.
Even more fascinating is the fact that the Great Pyramid of Egypt has around 52,900 square meters, the ‘Great Pyramid of China’ exceeds the number with a staggering 202,000 square meters.
Over the years, numerous pilots claimed to have observed gigantic Pyramids in China, and there is a great number of images, taken by pilots and satellites which support the existence of the mysterious structures in Asia.
However, inexplicably, the Chinese authorities have rejected the existence of such monuments.
In the early twentieth century, explorers and traders, like German citizens Frederick Schroeder and Oscar Maman, testified to the presence of not only one, but several pyramids located around the Chinese city of Xi’an.
But the mystery behind the Pyramid of China is even more fascinating. According to reports, numerous European excursions managed to take samples of objects and metals around the Pyramids of China.
Analysis showed that these structures could be well over 8,000 years old, but the most fascinating detail isn’t the age of the Pyramids: Interestingly, the metallic material present at the Pyramids has not been identified so far; since it is made out of materials that are unknown to modern science.
Ancient Egyptian Presence In North America: The Mysterious Fawn Hoof Mummy
This fascinating mummy was found over 200 years ago in one of the largest cave systems in America: The Mammoth Cave. There, miners discovered an extremely well-preserved mummy with red hair prepared and embalmed in an eerily similar way to the ancient Egyptians.
Mammoth Cave Mummy, Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky
After examining the mummy in the late 1800s, the Smithsonian Institute ‘lost’ the mummy. Some 200 years ago, a very unusual mummy was discovered in Mammoth Cave, Kentucky.
There are a couple of things about the mummy which completely challenge what we have been taught to believe about history books, especially about the ability and accomplishments of the Ancient Egyptians, their intrepid transoceanic voyages and their influence on other ancient cultures.
The mummy known as Fawn Hoof is considered by many as evidence that history books are wrong and that we are being given filtered information when it comes to ancient civilizations and the origins of mankind. The mummy was mentioned in the book Prehistoric Mummies from the Mammoth Cave Area, by Angelo I. George where the author indicates that the mummy was found in the cave in September of 1811.
According to George, the Ancient mummy was given the name “Fawn Hoof” in 1815 and ‘thousands’ of people saw the mummy as it was put on display. But what’s the story behind the mummy and why is it so important?
Sometime between Between 1811 and 1813 (different authors vary on the date, a group of miners were working inside one of the Kentucky caves known as Short Cave. One of the workers, who was excavating, came across a hard surface which proved to be a large rock with a flat surface.
After miners had removed the rock they discovered a crypt that contained a mummy inside. But it wasn’t an ordinary mummy.
In the past, such discoveries were not given much importance and people looked to make a profit out of history.
In 1816, Nahum Ward from Ohio visited the cave, and purchased numerous artefacts and the Fawn Hoof Mummy.
In addition to the Fawn Hoof Mummy, Ward also purchased other mummies and some of them were over reportedly 2500 years old.
Years went by and the collection purchased by Ward was placed in a travelling exhibition of rarities.
Through the years, the Fawn Hoof Mummy travelled across the country. It was first taken to Lexington, Kentucky and later transferred to the American Antiquarian Society.
In 1876 the Fawn Hoof Mummy was transferred to the Smithsonian Institution by Isaiah Thomas, founder of the American Antiquarian Society.
Due to the fact that the mummy was inadequately cared for and because it was transported a lot, the mummy suffered damage. Researchers at the Smithsonian examined the mummy, dissected it and reported their findings.
At some point after that – like many other things that challenge history — the Fawn Hoof Mummy was completely lost. According to initial reports, the mummy was found to have been a woman of around six feet in height. The mummy was wrapped in deerskin, which in turn was decorated with leaf and vine patterns.
Chicago Tribune Nov. 7, 1927
The mummy was found to be in an extremely well-preserved condition even though the mummy was not analyzed by researchers for over 60 years after it was initially found. Among the more unusual finding was the fact that this mummy-like other mummies found in Peru and Bolivia in recent times — had red hair.
It was concluded that the hair was cut to a length of an eighth of an inch, except for the back of the mummy’s head where the hair was about two inches long. Based on the artefacts found where the mummy was buried, it is believed that the woman was of great importance in ancient times.
However, researchers noted that among the most fascinating details about the Fawn Hoof Mummy is the fact that it was prepared and embalmed in an eerily similar way as the ancient Egyptians used to.
Reports indicate that the hands, ears, fingers, and the rest of the body were dried, but extremely well preserved. But how is it possible that the mummy was lost? Is it possible that the mummy challenged historical doctrines set into place by certain institutions?
Many people believe that the Fawn Hoof Mummy is one of the many indicators which prove that thousands of years ago, before written history, ancient cultures around the globe were intricately connected and that transoceanic voyages occurred much sooner than mainstream scholars are willing to accept.
Forbidden History: Back In 1969, Construction Workers Found A 200,000-Year-Old Structure In Oklahoma
In 1969, construction workers in Oklahoma stumbled across a structure that according to many authors could rewrite history. The team of workers discovered the remains of a 200,000-year-old structure. Newspaper The Oklahoman covered the story in 1969, creating a heated debate among experts.
Could Oklahoma’s “Ancient Mosaic Floor”—containing mystery post holes—rewrite the history of not only North America but the entire planet as well?
According to a newspaper report published in 1969, the structure found by construction workers in Oklahoma dates back around 200,000 years. In nearly all corners of the world have researchers and archaeologists stumbled across things they can hardly explain. One such discovery was made in Oklahoma in 1969, when an archaeologist stumbled across what is described as a ‘massive mosaic floor, with strange post holes’.
Soon questions started popping out, and scientists kick-started a great debate. How old was the alleged floor? Is it man-made, or a natural formation?
Many questions appeared that scientists were not able to answer, some even speculated that the enigmatic floor dated back a staggering 200,000 years. Many were convinced that the tile floor was a result of man and not mother nature, but if it was in fact so old, who could have created it? And what if the enigmatic floor is the only remnant of a much greater structure?
But let’s go through the details by step.
Obviously, the wildest thing about the discovery is the age of the structure. How on Earth did they conclude it was 200,000 years old?
The first mentions of the enigmatic discovery can be traced back to The Oklahoman— the largest daily newspaper in Oklahoma and is the only regional daily that covers the Greater Oklahoma City area.
In June of 1969, The Oklahoman wrote:
“On June 27, 1969, workmen cutting into a rock shelf situated on the Broadway Extension of 122nd Street, between Edmond and Oklahoma City, came upon a find that was to create much controversy among the experts.“
“To the layman, the site looked like an inlaid mosaic floor. It apparently looked very much like someone’s floor to some of the experts, as well.”
“‘I am sure this was man-made because the stones are placed in perfect sets of parallel lines which intersect to form a diamond shape, all pointing to the east,’ said Durwood Pate, an Oklahoma City geologist who studied the site.”
“We found post holes which measure a perfect two rods from the other two.
“The top of the stone is very smooth, and if you lift one of them, you will find it is very jagged, which indicates wear on the surface. Everything is too well-placed to be a natural formation.’”
“Dr. Robert Bell, an archaeologist from the University of Oklahoma, expressed his opinion that the find was a natural formation.
“Dr. Bell said that he could see no evidence of any mortaring substance. But Pate, on the other hand, was able to distinguish some kind of mud between each stone.”
“Delbert Smith, a geologist, president of the Oklahoma Seismograph Company, said the formation, which was discovered about three feet (0.9 meters) beneath the surface, appeared to cover several thousand square feet.”
“The Tulsa World quoted Smith as saying: ‘There is no question about it. It has been laid there, but I have no idea by whom.’”
According to the newspaper, Delbert Smith, president of the Oklahoma Seismograph Co. and past president of the Oklahoma City Geophysical Society, and Durwood Pate, independent petroleum geologist, traveled to the site to study the area and take samples.
“I am satisfied that it is not a natural earth formation and that it is manmade,” Smith later said.
Here are three clippings from The Lawton [Oklahoma] Constitution from the summer of 1969 (6/29/69, p. 4A; 7/8/69, p. 18; 7/10/69, p. 5A) that describe the then-differences of opinion about the nature of this (geological) discovery.
Delbert Smith, a geologist, and president of the Oklahoma Seismograph Company, summed up the mystery concerning the tile floor in the Tulsa World of June 29, 1969:
“There is no question about it. It had been laid there, but I have no idea by whom.” Yet another facet of the mystery involved the question of age. There are some differing opinions as to the geology involved, but the best estimate places the tiles at 200,000 years old.”
On July 1, 1969, The Oklahoman again reported about “the discovery of a second hole through the rock strata. Measurements revealed the two holes to be exactly 16 1/2 feet apart or precisely one rod. According to Pate, the rock is Permian limestone laced with quartz grains.”
On July 3, The Oklahoman continued its coverage and “reported archaeologists discovered an ancient stone hammer at the site.”
“The mystery of a dolomitic limestone formation unearthed between Oklahoma City and Edmond was compounded Wednesday by the discovery of an object on the site which resembles a stone hammer.
Geologists who have focused their attention on the unusual formation…. were at a loss to explain the origin of either the formation or the artifact.
John M. Ware, an Oklahoma City geologist, said, ‘it simply can’t be explained within the field of geology – we need an archaeologist to give a final opinion.’
However, its age and origin may remain a mystery unless an archaeologist can be persuaded to take on the project soon. Within 20 days, construction workers will continue their job of digging out the area to begin building a foodstuffs warehouse….
Another intriguing point about the rock is that it contains marine deposits, indicating that it was laid down in the ocean…. Pate said that the formation, 100 feet by 60 feet in area, is rapidly becoming a tourist attraction.
‘People are flocking there and taking pieces of the rock away,’ he said. ‘We need to preserve it until something can be done about determining its origin.”
It seems that a couple of old newspaper lines managed to create a massive hype about a discovery that would have been treated totally differently, had no one mentioned the age of 200,000 years.
However, there are a couple of curious things that have been found in Oklahoma. One of them was discovered in 1912 in a mine in Wilburton, Oklahoma, by Frank J. Kennard; an Iron cup embedded inside a piece of coal that is 300 million years old.
Kennard, who was in 1948 a Benton Co-worker, said:
“While I was working in the Municipal Electric Plant in Thomas, Oklahoma in 1912, I came upon a solid chunk of coal which was too large to use. I broke it with a sledgehammer.
“This iron pot fell from the centre leaving the impression mould of the pot in the piece of coal. Jim Stall (an employee of the company) witnessed the breaking of the coal and saw the pot fall out. I traced the source of the coal, and found that it came from the Wilburton, Oklahoma, Mines.”
The coal that originated from the mines of Wilburton, Oklahoma, is estimated to be around 300 million years old.
Experts: 1.7 Million-Year-Old Man-Made Bridge Shatters Mainstream History
A 1.7 million-year-old ‘bridge’ is the ultimate evidence that humans have been on Earth much longer than thought claims experts.
“The ratio of 10:1 (length: width) fits the actual measurements of the bridge observed today.”
The former director of the Geological Survey of India believes he has found the ultimate evidence of a 1.7 million-year-old man-made bridge which indicates mankind existed on Earth millions of years ago and had the ability to erect ‘sophisticated’ structures long before mainstream experts suggest. This, however, goes against everything we’ve been told since according to mainstream scientists, humans have been on Earth for roughly 200,000 years, but the alleged bridge throws everything that scientists believed true into questions. The structure — which is visible from space — occupies a relatively large area stretching from India to Sri Lanka. Curiously, ancient Hindu legends suggest that King Rama, a Hindu deity built a bridge of similar proportions more than a million years ago.
According to the Hindu tradition, this “strip of land” is a bridge built by the Hindu god Rama, as told in the Hindu epic Ramayana. Rama is one of the most famous manifestations of the Supreme God and is recognized as the image, the spirit, and consciousness of Hinduism, one of the oldest religions in the world. In fact, since ancient times it is known as the “Bridge of Rama” or “Rama Setu”.
The Indian epic Ramayana tells the story of the land bridge and how it was built to serve Hindu god Rama, in order to help him cross the water to reach the large island and rescue his beloved one from the clutches of the demon king Ravanna. It is a story of love, brave deeds and incredible constructions as it seems. Some refer to the alleged bridge as the Rama Setu, while others call it Adams Bridge and many believe it is one of the best pieces of evidence that humans have existed on Earth much longer than we’re told.
Ok, that’s cool but… who’s the supposed scientist who said it’s real?
We are talking about Dr. S. Badrinarayanan, former director of the Geological Survey of India and former coordinator of the survey division of the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT).
He studied core samples of the bridge and is apparently convinced that we’re not looking at a natural formation — as other scientists suggest — but at a man-made structure, and one that was ‘erected’ more than a million years ago. According to reports, Dr. Badrinarayanan performed a survey of this structure and concluded that it was man-made. Dr. Badrinarayanan and his team drilled 10 bore holes along the alignment of Adam’s Bridge.
What he discovered was startling. About 6 meters below the surface he found a consistent layer of calcareous sand stone, corals and boulder like materials. His team was surprised when they discovered a layer of loose sand, some 4-5 meters further down and then hard rock formations below that. A team of divers went down to physically examine the bridge. The boulders that they observed were not composed of a typical marine formation. They were identified as having come from either side of the causeway.
Dr. Badrinarayanan also indicates that there is evidence of ancient quarrying in these areas. His team concluded that materials from either shore were placed upon the sandy bottom of the water to form the causeway.
In a special discussion board on Rediff, Dr. Badrinarayanan said:
“It is not a natural formation; the top portion of it appears to be a man-made structure.”
“To understand what I am saying from the geological point of view, you have to get to know several things.”
“What is known as Adam’s Bridge is originally a natural grade divide separating the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean to the south. So, the geological aspects are different on either side.”
Dr. Badrinarayanan added:
“We found marine sands on top and below that was a mixed assemblage of corals, calcareous sand stones, and boulder-like materials.
“Surprisingly below that up to 4–5 meters [13–16 feet], again we found loose sand and after that, hard formations were there.”
He added that “below the corals and boulders, we are getting loose sand, which means it is not natural.”
However, the “Ramayana,” the bridge is said to have been built upon a wooden foundation (which was placed atop a preexisting natural elevation) that was then covered with large and small stones.
But obviously, there are many who disagree with Dr. Badrinarayanan.
One of them is Suvrat Kher, a geologist who specializes in marine formations, who firmly believes we are looking at nothing more than a natural formation.
Writing about the alleged bridge, Dr. Kher said:
“During the Pleistocene ‘ice-age’ period, glacial buildup and melting forced fluctuations in sea-level by tens of meters, setting up the conditions for several episodes of coral reef and sand shoal formation.
“During periods of large sea-level drops in the Pleistocene, there would have been a land connection between India and Sri Lanka. ”
“But at the end of the last Wisconsin glaciation, the sea-level began to rise world-wide.”
